Why you should consider moving interstate to kick start your legal career

Starting your legal career will be one of the biggest struggles of your life. In your penultimate year of law school, dozens of applications may or may not lead you to a clerkship. If you miss out, you might do another hundred applications to get a graduate job. Once you have secured a job, you will likely experience long working hours, new areas of law, and colleagues who may edge towards the “so functional they are dysfunctional” edge of the spectrum. Just surviving at work feels like a massive accomplishment. Why on earth would you add an extra level of complication like moving interstate away from your friends and family? In this blog post I explain how moving interstate could be the best way to kick start your legal career. It is time to get comfortable with being uncomfortable.

Why should I consider moving interstate for a legal job?

1.       You live in a state with a slow economy

This is the number one reason you may have to move interstate. There are significantly more legal jobs in Sydney and Melbourne, and in the graduate market where it is often a case of getting in enough applications, you may find moving interstate is your only option. If you manage to get a job locally, you may have to move interstate after a year or two to progress your legal career. I am from Adelaide but moved interstate to study at the University of Sydney. Most of my friends who stayed in Adelaide and went to law school at the University of Adelaide either moved interstate immediately on graduation or had to move interstate for career progression two or three years into their careers.

The states with the highest unemployment rates are South Australia (6.9%), Tasmania (6.5%), and Queensland (6.4%). The ACT and NT have the best employment rates at 3.8% and 4.1% respectively. These are general employment figures and are not specific to the legal sector, but give you an idea of the relatively poor employment prospects in SA, Tasmania and Queensland.

2.       The area of law you would like to practice in requires you to move interstate

If you are set on a career as a lawyer in the Commonwealth government, you will likely have to move to Canberra. You might as well move there immediately post-graduation so you can to build your networks and reputation. In Australia, legal jobs in mergers and acquisitions are practically non-existent outside of Sydney and Melbourne. Lawyers specialising the mining sector may have to move to WA or commute every single week. If you are interested in working in the community legal sector, you are more likely to get a job in Melbourne than Sydney. Identify the area you would like to work in and go for it, regardless of where it is located.  

3.       Your firm has offered to place you on an interstate project

If you are working at a national or global firm, you may be placed interstate for six to twelve months to assist busy teams on larger projects. You may be “asked” whether you would like to relocate, but in reality if you do not take this opportunity you need to consider whether you are serious about your career. Working on large projects is fantastic for your resume, and can help you justify pay rises and promotions. You will also have the opportunity to network with lawyers and clients interstate and learn about the law in new jurisdictions.

4.       You practice across jurisdictions and need to develop your legal knowledge

It is not uncommon for practitioners to operate across jurisdictions, and if you work in state based employment law or property you may want to work in a different jurisdiction for a while to enhance the services you can provide to clients who operate across jurisdictions.

5.       You are in your mid-20s and still live at home

A typical scenario is as follows: You were born in Sydney, went to school in Sydney, went to university in Sydney, got a graduate job in Sydney, have never moved out of home and still live with your parents despite being in your mid 20s. Living at home is a nice cushy experience when you are working long hours. It is pretty convenient to come home to dinner every night, have your bills paid for and never run out of clean socks. You are best friends with your parents and are secretly scared your Mum will never let you move out. If you fall into this category it can be difficult to move out and your life can begin to feel stagnant. Moving interstate is a fantastic excuse to move out of home without causing offence or fuss. Even if it is just for 12 months, your family will get used to the new state of existence and you can move back to your home city (if you want to after experiencing the intoxicating pleasures of interstate life) without being pressured to move back home.

6.       You want to get outside your comfort zone

Moving interstate to a city where you know no one to start a new job where you know no one is intimidating for most people. This is a good thing – see next paragraph.

The flow on effect of getting outside your comfort zone

Conventional wisdom is that making easy incremental adjustments is best for long term change. Moving interstate is the complete opposite of this approach. You will be making many massive life changes at once. Starting a new job, moving house, and having to make new friends are some of the most stressful situations a person can live through. You have to put the effort in or you just are not going to be a success. For me, the “shock” of dealing with all of these new situations at once had an amazing flow on effect on other aspects of my life. The extra effort I had to put in at work and into starting a friendship group from scratch when I moved to Melbourne meant I also put extra effort into other aspects of my life. It helped me think more clearly about where I want to go as a lawyer, make a long term career strategy and be a hyper organised individual. Getting outside your comfort zone will not only make you a better lawyer, but have a positive flow on effect to other areas of life. After you conquer moving interstate, your confidence will gradually develop and other obstacles in your life will seem easy to overcome.

Is it difficult to get a legal job interstate?

The difficulty of getting a job interstate will depend on the recruitment market in your target city (Adelaide, Hobart and Brisbane have average economies and relatively stagnant recruitment markets) and the type of law you would like to practice. Prior to moving to Melbourne I applied for jobs in four different states. There does appear to be local favouritism to some extent as I received many more interviews in Sydney where I was living than in Melbourne. The smaller the city, the more there appears to be bias towards recruiting locals. However, where you are passionate about moving because the job is your dream job, you will likely be one of the best candidates. The fact you are willing to move interstate for this job speaks volumes about your commitment.  

Don’t hold back

Moving interstate to a new city is not a life-long sentence. If it does not work out you can move back to your old life and get a job in your home city. But if you never take the opportunity and never try to get that dream job, you might miss the opportunity to kickstart your legal career.    

Scared? Good. Now back yourself and make the move. No one else can do that for you. 

Timesheet fraud – is lying about time worked on your timesheet ever ok?

Question: Is lying about time worked on your timesheet ever ok?

Answer: I want to scream at you NO. NO. NO. It is never ok to put incorrect times on your timesheet. Not only is this dishonest (which should be deterrent enough), but there is always the risk your timesheet discrepancies will be sufficient reason to justify immediate termination of your employment. However, instead of lecturing you, I am going to provide examples from case law to highlight how important accurate timesheets are to keeping your job.

The most recent unfair dismissal case on falsified timesheets

Lacase v Neon Group Ltd Ltd [2016] FWC 3058

Mr Lacase worked for Neon Cosmetics, an Australian cosmetics manufacturer, as a Compounding Supervisor. Mr Lacase was dobbed in by a fellow employee who Mr Lacase had told about claiming overtime without actually working the overtime hours. Mr Lacase’s ordinary hours were 7:45am to 3:51am. Mr Lacase had been claiming morning overtime payments of about 1 to 1.5 hours a day, which would put his start time to 6:45 or 6:15am so that in a normal week Mr Lacase would claim 38 normal hours and 6 overtime hours in his time sheets. The company’s Production Planner checked to see whether Mr Lacase was at work at these times by observing whether Mr Lacase’s car was in the staff carpark. It was not. When the allegations were put to Mr Lacase he denied he was lying about time worked on time sheets and that he was not working the overtime he was claiming. His employment was then terminated. Mr Lacase made an unfair dismissal application to the Fair Work Commission within the 21 day limitation period.

Commissioner Wilson decided that the termination was justified and Mr Lacase had not been unfairly dismissed:

·         In deciding on the balance of probabilities whether the alleged misconduct (fabricated timesheets) actually occurred the Commission will take into account whether it is satisfied of the proofs of the conduct and the need for honesty on the part of the applicant during the course of an investigation. Commissioner Wilson found that Mr Lacase had both claimed overtime on timesheets that had not been worked and had not been truthful when allegations were put to him. This is reason for dismissal.

·         Mr Lacase claimed that he worked overtime on various days and then aggregated his claims for overtime payment into a single period. Commissioner Wilson commented that this may be a potential defence where corroborative evidence of the matter is put forward, but Mr Lacase did not put such evidence forward in this situation.

Claiming time where you were actually working on your own business is sufficient reason for summary dismissal

Eghlima and another v Winco Systems Pty Ltd [2012] FWA 10836

Two brothers, David and Hamid, were employed as electricians by Winco Systems. They had worked on a number of projects including at the University of Sydney and the Star City Casino prior to being dismissed. David and Hamid had started their own electricians business without notifying Winco and had been conducting work in direct competition with Winco Systems in the time they had recorded as working for Winco. There were issues with the timesheets David and Hamid had completed in time claimed when the timesheets were compared to objective evidence such as phone, site and toll records and the discrepancies can be explained by time spent working on their own business. Deputy President Sams found the discrepancies “alarming and most disconcerting”. The discrepancies were very large for some projects, with 33 days being claimed for one particular project, but site access records showing David only worked 12 days and Hamid only worked 6 days. Given the evidence, Deputy President Sams found that even if the brothers resignation could be characterised as a dismissal, it would not have been unfair.

What if I am only claiming a little bit extra on my timesheet?

No. No. No. Even small amounts of additional time claimed on a timesheet may form a sufficient reason for dismissal, especially when combined with other conduct, such as if the employee acts deceptively towards an employer when the discrepancy is put to them.

One hour of overtime claimed on timesheet not actually worked – sufficient reason for dismissal
Ferris v Water-It Queensland Pty Ltd T/A Dig It Landscapes Pty Ltd [2013] FWC 7158
Mr Ferris was employed as a leading hand landscape gardener by Water-It. Water-It alleged that Mr Ferris had incorrectly completed his timesheet entry for 13 March 2013, adding an hour of overtime in which he had not worked. The previous day, Mr Ferris has received a reminder that timesheets were to be completed accurately and no overtime was to be performed without prior approval on that particular project and that failure to accurately complete start and finish times could lead to disciplinary action. The timesheet said Mr Ferris finished work at 5:30, but GPS evidence showed he finished work at 4:18 and arrived home at 4:55pm. Mr Ferris did not justify his conduct or seek an opportunity to review the timesheet, diary or other documents in this meeting where the discrepancy was put to him. In the course of the hearing Mr Ferris indicated that he claimed the additional hour in lieu of a call out he attended to later that evening. However, this overtime claim had not received the required prior approval.
 In considering whether there was a valid reason for dismissal relating to Mr Ferris’ conduct, Senior Deputy President Richards noted:
·         Mr Ferris had filled in his timesheet incorrectly despite the previous day being reminded of the importance of accurately completing timesheets and being provided with examples of how to correctly fill out a timesheet;
·         Although Mr Ferris claimed the hour was for a call out he attended later that day, he did not disclose this to his employer when given the opportunity – Mr Ferris did not avail himself of the opportunity to explain his defence. Regardless, the overtime claim had not received prior approval;
·         The 1 hour discrepancy alone was sufficient reason for dismissal when combined with the deceptive manner in which Mr Ferris acted when confronted with the discrepancy and seeking to mislead his employer about the time he arrived home, as the issue of trust and confidence arose when the matter was not openly and honestly explained by Mr Ferris when the employer was making inquiries.
 

Uber and paid ride-sharing services - are they legal in your state?

Paid ride-sharing services such as Uber are not legal in all Australian jurisdictions. As the law is different in every Australian state, I have compiled this guide which explains the current legal status of Uber in each state. In most jurisdictions where Uber and other ride-sharing services are illegal, a passenger is not committing an offence by using Uber. It is the driver and/or Uber as a company that is committing the offence.

STATES THAT HAVE NOT LEGALISED PAID RIDE-SHARING

Queensland

Paid ride sharing is illegal in Queensland as providing taxi services without a licence is an offence under the Transport Operations (Passenger Transport) Act 1994. Recently fines that can be issued to Uber drivers have been increased to $2,356 (almost double the previous maximum fine of $1,413) while administrators (Uber and its Directors) can be fined up to $23,560. The increased fines are the product of the Transport Legislation (Taxi Services) Amendment Act 2015 which was passed by Queensland’s parliament on 21 April 2016 after being introduced by Bob Katter and receiving opposition support. As well as increasing the size of fines that can be issued to Uber drivers, the amendments inserted a new s.70A into the Transport Operations (Passenger Transport) Act 1994 to enable the recording of demerit points issued to persons providing taxi services without a licence.  

Practically, while the Queensland government has been issuing fines to Uber drivers, most drivers have not paid the fines, allowing the matter to proceed to court, where the Queensland government ordinarily decides not to proceed with the prosecution or lets the fine lapse.

Ride sharing services such as Uber are illegal in Queensland under the Transport Operations (Passenger Transport) Act 1994.

STATES THAT HAVE LEGALISED PAID RIDE-SHARING

New South Wales

Uber and other paid ride-sharing services have been able to operate legally in NSW since 19 December 2015 so long as the driver pays the $45 registration fee and registers the vehicle for business purposes (approx. $200). Taxi plate owners will be compensated $20,000 and some will be eligible for $40,000 total compensation for loss of business caused by the opening up of the market. Prior to these changes, NSW Roads and Maritime Services was issuing Uber drivers with $2,500 fines, and the Department of Transport had taken several Uber drivers who failed to pay the fines to court.

Uber and other paid ride-share services can operate legally in NSW.

South Australia

Uber and other ride-sharing companies will be permitted to operate legally in South Australia from July 1 2016. Under the new legislative regime, all passengers will be charged a $1 levy which will be used to compensate taxi licence plate owners and drivers for the loss of business given the market will now be open (officially) to new entrants.

From July 1 2016 Uber and other ride-sharing companies can operate legally in South Australia.

STATES WHERE THE LEGALITY OF PAID RIDE SHARING IS UNCERTAIN OR ABOUT TO CHANGE

Victoria

In Victoria, it is an offence under s.158(1) of the Transport (Commercial and Miscellaneous) Act 1983 for an owner or driver or a commercial passenger vehicle to operate without a licence, permit or other authority. It is also an offence under s.165(1)(a) to drive a commercial passenger vehicle without a driver accreditation.

The Victorian government has been cracking down on Uber drivers since May 2014, issuing drivers with $1,700 fines. Most Uber drivers simply pay the fine and continue operating.  In late 2015 Victoria’s Taxi Services Commission (TSC) took an Uber test case to the Magistrates Court, by using the Uber app to order and ride in an Uber vehicle. Two Taxi Compliance Officers rode in Mr Brennan’s Uber vehicle and at the end of the trip identified themselves to Mr Brennan. Mr Brennan was not licensed or authorised to operate a commercial passenger vehicle. The case turned on whether the Uber vehicle could be considered a “commercial passenger vehicle”.

“Commercial passenger vehicle” is defined in s.86 as any motor vehicle that is “used or intended to be used for carrying passengers for hire or reward”. Section 87 states that “a motor vehicle shall be deemed to operate as a commercial passenger vehicle if passengers are carried therein for hire or reward”.

The TSC was successful at first instance in arguing the Uber driver had breached both s.158 and s.165. The Uber driver (Mr Brenner), appealed to the County Court (see Brenner v Taxi Services Commissioner https://www.countycourt.vic.gov.au/recent-decisions/brenner-v-taxi-services-commissioner). Counsel for Mr Brennan argued that there was not a sufficient nexus between the carriage of passengers and hire and reward in an Uber trip. Chettle J immediately dismissed this argument, as although there was no direct evidence of any financial arrangement between Uber and the passenger, a financial agreement can be inferred and it was clear the Uber driver received reward for driving the two TSC officers to South Yarra.

Section 159 provides that in a “prosecution against the owner or driver of any commercial passenger vehicle the onus shall lie upon the accused of proving that the passengers carried upon such vehicle were not carried for reward at separate and distinct fares for each passenger but the accused shall not be under any obligation to discharge such onus until the informant first discharges the onus of proving that the passengers carried upon such vehicle were carried for reward”. Demonstrating that the reward or hire was for separate or distinct fares for each passenger used to be an element of the offence, which was repealed, but which continues to be part of the evidentiary onus contained in s.159. Chettle J held that the two passengers were not carried for reward at separate and distinct fares for each passenger, and that Mr Brenner has a defence to both s.158 and s.165.

The County Court decision will no doubt be appealed), so in the meantime the legal status of Uber in Victoria remains uncertain, especially as the County Court decision is reliant on the obscure evidentiary onus in s.159 and Chettle J appears to jump to conclusions on this point without much legal analysis.

Tasmania

Uber may soon be legal in Tasmania, as the Tasmanian government has moved to amend the Taxi and Hire Vehicle Industries Act 2008 to allow Uber drivers and other drivers of paid ride-sharing services to operate subject to similar rules that currently apply in Tasmania to luxury hire-car licences including that all drivers must hold an ancillary certificate requiring medical, police and working with vulnerable people checks. To appease the local taxi industry, the Tasmanian government has agreed not to issue any new taxi licences in the next two years. The Taxi Hire Vehicle Industries Amendment Bill 2016 (THVIA Bill) was introduced to the Tasmanian House of Assembly in March 2016 and is currently at the third reading stage. Do not hold your breath, as the changes will only provide the initial framework required and be part of a broader 2 year review of the taxi and hire car services industry in Tasmania and the legislation.

Ride sharing services such as Uber are currently illegal under the Taxi and Hire Vehicle Industries Act 2008. The Tasmanian government is currently moving to make Uber and other ride-sharing services legal in and the THVIA Bill is currently before the House of Assembly.

Western Australia

It is currently an offence under the Taxi Drivers Licensing Act 2014 to drive a vehicle for the plying or hire or otherwise for the purpose of carrying passengers for reward without a licence. Uber commenced operating in the Western Australian market in 2014 and the Department of Transport has issued fines to a number of individual Uber drivers. In early 2016, 400 taxi drivers commenced legal action in the Supreme Court against Western Australia’s Minister for Transport for failing to take action against Uber or Uber’s directors. Justice Tottle dismissed the application as it was a matter of policy whether the Department pursued prosecutions, not a legal issue.

In late 2015 the Western Australian government announced it would take steps to legalise Uber and other paid ride sharing services. It has been a slow process, but on 19 May 2016 the Western Australian government finally introduced the Taxi Amendment Bill 2016 into the lower house. The Bill is currently at the Second Reading speech stage. When passed, the legislation will allow for Uber drivers to operate with an “Omnibus licence” (cost $272). Each taxi plate licence owner will receive $20,000 in compensation for loss of business.

While it is currently illegal for Uber and other ride sharing services to operate in Western Australia, the Taxi Amendment Bill 2016 currently before the WA lower house will legalise Uber once passed, so long as Uber drivers have purchased an “Omnibus licence”.